2016 Afternoon Poster Presentation Abstracts
Scroll down below to view abstracts listed in order of session and department. Click on the links below, organized by topic area to skip to a specific session.
Afternoon Sessions by Topic - 1:00 - 2:50 PM
Biomedical Engineering
Caroline Black
Graduate Student, Biomedical Engineering
Title: Evaluating Multi-sensory Learning and Relationship Building through STEMpunk: a Reverse Science Fair
Abstract: The nationwide lack of STEM professionals continues to motivate educators to encourage more students to pursue STEM majors. Research shows students (especially girls and minorities) avoid STEM majors because they think the subjects are hard, or worse yet, boring. STEM leaders have an obligation to help their field of study overcome these obstacles to meaningful recruitment. A program piloted at UTK sought to reach students using a contemporary cultural venue. To use the vernacular, STEM got PUNKED. The STEMpunk outreach effort was a multidisciplinary immersive experiment using the premise of a reverse science fair while employing the costumery and gadgetry of Victorian era, sci-fi genre called Steampunk. The initiative sought to take the genre known as Steampunk and turn it into STEMpunk: a first-of-its kind venue for showcasing the science, ingenuity, and creativity at work in a variety of STEM disciplines. This event provided 32 7th grade students with an opportunity to interact with faculty and staff at UT. The students saw an overview of each discipline in a reverse-science fair with a variety of hands-on activities. As part of this effort, we sought to investigate the effects of kinesthetic, multi-sensory stimulation and relationship building on STEM outreach to create an immersive learning environment. The study employed a repeated measure design, in which students listened to a STEM-related presentation, and participated our STEMpunk event. The students completed pre- and post- surveys for a lecture/demonstration event and the STEMpunk reverse science fair. Repeated ANOVA testing was conducted on the survey results. Questions that were deemed statistically significant were then pair-wise compared to determine which event produced a change in their response. Our results demonstrate that an immersive learning environment where students visualize themselves as scientists and active partners in research activities are more effective and engaging than passive demonstrations and lectures.
Abstract: The nationwide lack of STEM professionals continues to motivate educators to encourage more students to pursue STEM majors. Research shows students (especially girls and minorities) avoid STEM majors because they think the subjects are hard, or worse yet, boring. STEM leaders have an obligation to help their field of study overcome these obstacles to meaningful recruitment. A program piloted at UTK sought to reach students using a contemporary cultural venue. To use the vernacular, STEM got PUNKED. The STEMpunk outreach effort was a multidisciplinary immersive experiment using the premise of a reverse science fair while employing the costumery and gadgetry of Victorian era, sci-fi genre called Steampunk. The initiative sought to take the genre known as Steampunk and turn it into STEMpunk: a first-of-its kind venue for showcasing the science, ingenuity, and creativity at work in a variety of STEM disciplines. This event provided 32 7th grade students with an opportunity to interact with faculty and staff at UT. The students saw an overview of each discipline in a reverse-science fair with a variety of hands-on activities. As part of this effort, we sought to investigate the effects of kinesthetic, multi-sensory stimulation and relationship building on STEM outreach to create an immersive learning environment. The study employed a repeated measure design, in which students listened to a STEM-related presentation, and participated our STEMpunk event. The students completed pre- and post- surveys for a lecture/demonstration event and the STEMpunk reverse science fair. Repeated ANOVA testing was conducted on the survey results. Questions that were deemed statistically significant were then pair-wise compared to determine which event produced a change in their response. Our results demonstrate that an immersive learning environment where students visualize themselves as scientists and active partners in research activities are more effective and engaging than passive demonstrations and lectures.
Civil & Environmental Engineering
Meng Zhang
Graduate Student, Civil & Environmental Engineering
Title: A New Method to Identify Aggressive Lane Change Behaviors Using Basic Safety Messages under Connected Vehicle Environment
Abstract: Lane change behaviors have been suspected as a critical factor that can affect the free traffic flow by generating safety related events. Specially, lane change behaviors can occur at relative high speed or without a turn signal, which may potentially lead to a crash event. With advanced wireless communication technology under connected vehicle environment, vehicles are able to communicate or exchange sub-second (10 Hz) data with each other (vehicle-to-vehicle) and with infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure). This data can be used to provide a more complete picture of vehicle status for identifying real-time lane change events and then help drivers to make better decisions or to implement vehicle control assist systems to avoid high risk lane change situations, thereby improving safety. Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) is the major exchanged data type. The core part of BSMs includes vehicle position (longitude, latitude), motion (speed, heading, and acceleration) and control (brake, turn signal). This study presents a new approach to identify aggressive lane change behaviors by using BSMs generated in real world by vehicles equipped with data acquisition systems (DAS) devices that participated in the Safety Pilot Model Deployment deployed in Ann Arbor Michigan. A total of 2,160,912 samples generated from 246 trips by 51 vehicles are used for analysis. This study uses position information (the vehicle central line meets the lane marking and vehicle distance from central line to lane marking) to identify lane change behaviors. Then, the relationship between acceleration and speed is explored to identify aggressive lane change behaviors. A rigorous statistical regression model is estimated to further explore the correlates of lane change behaviors (lane change frequency and duration). The proposed approach have successfully identified lane change behaviors using a sub-sample (652,071) generated from 51 trips and the results have been successfully validated by using Google Earth.
Abstract: Lane change behaviors have been suspected as a critical factor that can affect the free traffic flow by generating safety related events. Specially, lane change behaviors can occur at relative high speed or without a turn signal, which may potentially lead to a crash event. With advanced wireless communication technology under connected vehicle environment, vehicles are able to communicate or exchange sub-second (10 Hz) data with each other (vehicle-to-vehicle) and with infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure). This data can be used to provide a more complete picture of vehicle status for identifying real-time lane change events and then help drivers to make better decisions or to implement vehicle control assist systems to avoid high risk lane change situations, thereby improving safety. Basic Safety Messages (BSMs) is the major exchanged data type. The core part of BSMs includes vehicle position (longitude, latitude), motion (speed, heading, and acceleration) and control (brake, turn signal). This study presents a new approach to identify aggressive lane change behaviors by using BSMs generated in real world by vehicles equipped with data acquisition systems (DAS) devices that participated in the Safety Pilot Model Deployment deployed in Ann Arbor Michigan. A total of 2,160,912 samples generated from 246 trips by 51 vehicles are used for analysis. This study uses position information (the vehicle central line meets the lane marking and vehicle distance from central line to lane marking) to identify lane change behaviors. Then, the relationship between acceleration and speed is explored to identify aggressive lane change behaviors. A rigorous statistical regression model is estimated to further explore the correlates of lane change behaviors (lane change frequency and duration). The proposed approach have successfully identified lane change behaviors using a sub-sample (652,071) generated from 51 trips and the results have been successfully validated by using Google Earth.
Angela Pelle
Graduate Student, Civil & Environmental Engineering
Title: Non Stationarity within the Obion Watershed
Abstract: Changes in climate and land management can significantly impact the water resources within a watershed. Therefore, decision makers must have sufficient data with which to base their decisions. Reliance on historical data when conditions have changed within the watershed can have devastating consequences. Historical allocation of the Colorado River, based on data that innacurately captured the true trends of streamflow, is now causing havoc in the western United States. Non-stationarity, or changing trends in water availability, intensity, and duration. within a watershed, is a pivotal tool in order to properly plan for the future. The long term security of a region’s water resources is critical to the area’s economic and environmental well-being. This is especially true of regions that have significant agricultural production. The Obion watershed, located in western Tennessee, produces a large percentage of Tennessee’s row crops and creates demand for water (surface and subsurface) are prevelant. The objective of this research is to investigate water budgets and non stationarity in water fluxes using a high resolution Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model within the Obion watershed. This research specifically aims to capture changing hydrologic boundary conditions and the watershed’s climatic elasticity of streamflow. Understanding of non stationarity within a watershed has major implications on the decisions both watershed managers and policy developers must make to ensure future water security.
Abstract: Changes in climate and land management can significantly impact the water resources within a watershed. Therefore, decision makers must have sufficient data with which to base their decisions. Reliance on historical data when conditions have changed within the watershed can have devastating consequences. Historical allocation of the Colorado River, based on data that innacurately captured the true trends of streamflow, is now causing havoc in the western United States. Non-stationarity, or changing trends in water availability, intensity, and duration. within a watershed, is a pivotal tool in order to properly plan for the future. The long term security of a region’s water resources is critical to the area’s economic and environmental well-being. This is especially true of regions that have significant agricultural production. The Obion watershed, located in western Tennessee, produces a large percentage of Tennessee’s row crops and creates demand for water (surface and subsurface) are prevelant. The objective of this research is to investigate water budgets and non stationarity in water fluxes using a high resolution Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model within the Obion watershed. This research specifically aims to capture changing hydrologic boundary conditions and the watershed’s climatic elasticity of streamflow. Understanding of non stationarity within a watershed has major implications on the decisions both watershed managers and policy developers must make to ensure future water security.
Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
Marisol Sanchez-Garcia
Graduate Student, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
Title: Guyanagarika, a new genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi endemic from the Neotropics
Abstract: During 2008-2015 an orange colored mushroom was documented forming ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with Dicymbe spp. These associations are mutualistic relationships between plants and fungi in which fungi enhance mineral uptake, water absorption and provide protection from root parasites in exchange for carbon produced by the plant during photosynthesis. This mushroom is only known from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana in the central Guiana Shield, its taxonomic affinities were particularly difficult to determine using both morphological and molecular data, and its phylogenetic position was inconclusive. After a close examination of the micro-morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analysis, we uncovered its phylogenetic position. Here, we describe the new genus Guyanagarika with three new species: G. aurantia, G. pakaraimensis, and G. anomala. This lineage appears to be an independent clade of ECM fungi and the first known case of a neotropical endemic clade within the Agaricomycetes.
Abstract: During 2008-2015 an orange colored mushroom was documented forming ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with Dicymbe spp. These associations are mutualistic relationships between plants and fungi in which fungi enhance mineral uptake, water absorption and provide protection from root parasites in exchange for carbon produced by the plant during photosynthesis. This mushroom is only known from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana in the central Guiana Shield, its taxonomic affinities were particularly difficult to determine using both morphological and molecular data, and its phylogenetic position was inconclusive. After a close examination of the micro-morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analysis, we uncovered its phylogenetic position. Here, we describe the new genus Guyanagarika with three new species: G. aurantia, G. pakaraimensis, and G. anomala. This lineage appears to be an independent clade of ECM fungi and the first known case of a neotropical endemic clade within the Agaricomycetes.
Jessica Welch
Graduate Student, Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
Title: Predicting extinction risk for data deficient bats
Abstract: Conservation biology aims to identify species most at risk of extinction and to understand factors that forecast species vulnerability. Of the approximately 1,150 recognized bat species, nearly 17 percent are designated “data deficient” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, denoting that a threat category has not been assigned due to insufficient knowledge. Here, we combine trait data with a comprehensive and well-resolved phylogenetic tree to generate a “predictor-rich” and a “taxon-rich” model to predict extinction risk in bats. We bypass traditional measures of model support by exploring the reliability of the models through a simulation approach to provide quantitative estimates of extinction risk for 46 species that have not been assigned a threat category by the IUCN. We compare our results to related studies, describe important risk factors not included in our study, and discuss which bat species warrant prioritization for conservation action.
Abstract: Conservation biology aims to identify species most at risk of extinction and to understand factors that forecast species vulnerability. Of the approximately 1,150 recognized bat species, nearly 17 percent are designated “data deficient” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, denoting that a threat category has not been assigned due to insufficient knowledge. Here, we combine trait data with a comprehensive and well-resolved phylogenetic tree to generate a “predictor-rich” and a “taxon-rich” model to predict extinction risk in bats. We bypass traditional measures of model support by exploring the reliability of the models through a simulation approach to provide quantitative estimates of extinction risk for 46 species that have not been assigned a threat category by the IUCN. We compare our results to related studies, describe important risk factors not included in our study, and discuss which bat species warrant prioritization for conservation action.
Electrical Engineering & Computer Science
Natalie White
Undergraduate Student, Electrical Engineering & Computer Science
Title: LabVIEW Tools for High Voltage Power Supply Testing and Characterization
Abstract: Compact, high-efficiency, high-voltage power supplies are being developed at ORNL for use in compact neutron generators. These designs are based on resonant architectures that are optimized for operation at specific frequencies. Testing and characterization of these designs requires control, readout, processing, and storage of a number of signals. To facilitate efficient testing, a program is developed using LabVIEW. The software controls a function generator and power supply, and sweeps over a frequency or pulse width range specified by the user. For each control setting, digital multi-meters are programmed to measure desired voltages and currents throughout the circuit, and associated waveforms and measurements are collected by controlling an oscilloscope. A key aspect of the power supply testing is the interchanging of resistive loads. The program is designed to calculate the output current based on the resistive load used in the test, and allow the user to easily change the load used in the calculation within the graphical user interface (GUI). Following the frequency or pulse width sweep, the program graphically displays the measured input and output voltages and currents, as well as quantities such as efficiency, power, and quality factor. The results are optionally exported to a spreadsheet, allowing for convenient data manipulation and further analysis.
Abstract: Compact, high-efficiency, high-voltage power supplies are being developed at ORNL for use in compact neutron generators. These designs are based on resonant architectures that are optimized for operation at specific frequencies. Testing and characterization of these designs requires control, readout, processing, and storage of a number of signals. To facilitate efficient testing, a program is developed using LabVIEW. The software controls a function generator and power supply, and sweeps over a frequency or pulse width range specified by the user. For each control setting, digital multi-meters are programmed to measure desired voltages and currents throughout the circuit, and associated waveforms and measurements are collected by controlling an oscilloscope. A key aspect of the power supply testing is the interchanging of resistive loads. The program is designed to calculate the output current based on the resistive load used in the test, and allow the user to easily change the load used in the calculation within the graphical user interface (GUI). Following the frequency or pulse width sweep, the program graphically displays the measured input and output voltages and currents, as well as quantities such as efficiency, power, and quality factor. The results are optionally exported to a spreadsheet, allowing for convenient data manipulation and further analysis.
Energy Science & Engineering
Katherine Manz
Graduate Student, Energy Science & Engineering
Title: Investigation of Furfural Degradation in an Electrochemically Enhanced Biological Degradation System
Abstracts: Recently, fuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass have gained favor in relationship to fossil fuels. This is largely due to the public’s growing awareness of environmental issues. A major byproduct of fuel production from lignocellulosic biomass is furfural. Furfural is an oily compound with an almond-like odor that is highly resistant to heat, acid, and water. It has been shown to be toxic to human health, primarily effecting the skin, liver, and kidneys. Furfural has been found to have toxic and inhibitory effects on both aerobic and anaerobic biological processes – by decreasing specific growth rate and ethanol production after pulse additions. Many of the studies used to determine furfural toxicity used a single strain of microorganisms and/or used another substrate that the microorganisms could easily digest, such as glucose. Therefore, we are investigating the fate of furfural as the sole substrate in a biological treatment processes using non-specific aerobic microorganisms obtained from a wastewater treatment plant. In addition, we are exploring an advanced oxidation-biological treatment process to remediate waters containing furfural. The goals of using this treatment process are to decrease the energy require by the microorganisms to break down furfural, to degrade furfural more efficiently, and to support maximum furfural depletion. Using such a process prior to aerobic or anaerobic digestion in wastewater treatment could help alleviate the toxic and inhibitory effects that furfural has on microorganisms.
Abstracts: Recently, fuels derived from lignocellulosic biomass have gained favor in relationship to fossil fuels. This is largely due to the public’s growing awareness of environmental issues. A major byproduct of fuel production from lignocellulosic biomass is furfural. Furfural is an oily compound with an almond-like odor that is highly resistant to heat, acid, and water. It has been shown to be toxic to human health, primarily effecting the skin, liver, and kidneys. Furfural has been found to have toxic and inhibitory effects on both aerobic and anaerobic biological processes – by decreasing specific growth rate and ethanol production after pulse additions. Many of the studies used to determine furfural toxicity used a single strain of microorganisms and/or used another substrate that the microorganisms could easily digest, such as glucose. Therefore, we are investigating the fate of furfural as the sole substrate in a biological treatment processes using non-specific aerobic microorganisms obtained from a wastewater treatment plant. In addition, we are exploring an advanced oxidation-biological treatment process to remediate waters containing furfural. The goals of using this treatment process are to decrease the energy require by the microorganisms to break down furfural, to degrade furfural more efficiently, and to support maximum furfural depletion. Using such a process prior to aerobic or anaerobic digestion in wastewater treatment could help alleviate the toxic and inhibitory effects that furfural has on microorganisms.
Kristine Grace Cabugao
Graduate Student, Energy Science & Engineering
Title: Tree species influences phosphatase activity and microbial community composition
Abstract: Tropical forests are an important carbon sink, responsible for cycling more CO2 and water than any other terrestrial biome. Embedded within the goals of the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments–Tropics project is the synthesis of modeling and data to understand feedback systems that influence terrestrial-atmosphere CO2 flux. This approach locks modeling and data into an iterative cycle that uses models to identify uncertainties and uses data to improve the model. Reduction of uncertainties in global ecosystem models requires the accurate representation of the tropics, which can be improved by including important belowground processes such as the biological mineralization of phosphorus. The mineralization of phosphorus can be considered a limitation to growth in tropical forests, influencing CO2 flux. Phosphatase is released by both plants and microbes and is thought to be a large contributor to supplying the inorganic phosphate (Pi) crucial to their growth. Relating plants and microbes to the phosphorus cycle refines our understanding of this constraint to tropical forest productivity. Models of the phosphorus cycle are typically based on supply and demand, with supply represented as various pools and demand being the sum of phosphorus required by plants and microbes. Parent material determines the initial supply of phosphorus, though the amount of it available for plants is usually much less, requiring the release of phosphatase enzymes to meet demand. Three forested sites in Puerto Rico— Rio Icacos, El Verde Ridge, and El Verde Valley — were chosen to investigate the effect of parent material on phosphatase activity of various tree species: Cercropia schreberiana, Prestoea montana, Cyrilla racemiflora, Dacryodes excelsa, and Manilkara bidenta. The two El Verde sites, on volcanistic parent material, and the Rio Icacos site on quartz-diorite form a range of conditions helpful to the development of relationships between edaphic factors and enzymatic activity. Fine root clusters collected from three trees of each species were assayed for both types of phosphatase activity: phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase. Results from ANOVA indicate the importance of species in determining phosphatase activity, particularly of phosphodiesterase. Microbial communities are an important contributor to host nutrient acquisition, though studies linking microbial community composition, host species, and phosphatase activity are lacking. DNA was extracted from the rhizosphere and enodsphere of fine roots traced from the same trees studied previously on the El Verde Ridge and the El Verde Valley sites. Results indicate a difference in microbial community composition between Dacryodes excela and Prestoea montana. Paired with the influence of species on phosphatase activity, this may point to a difference in nutrient acquisition strategy or nutrient use efficiency. Comprehension of how phosphorus constrains ecosystem productivity involves determining how individual trees adjust to their local environment, particularly with belowground processes that enhance phosphorus availability.
Abstract: Tropical forests are an important carbon sink, responsible for cycling more CO2 and water than any other terrestrial biome. Embedded within the goals of the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments–Tropics project is the synthesis of modeling and data to understand feedback systems that influence terrestrial-atmosphere CO2 flux. This approach locks modeling and data into an iterative cycle that uses models to identify uncertainties and uses data to improve the model. Reduction of uncertainties in global ecosystem models requires the accurate representation of the tropics, which can be improved by including important belowground processes such as the biological mineralization of phosphorus. The mineralization of phosphorus can be considered a limitation to growth in tropical forests, influencing CO2 flux. Phosphatase is released by both plants and microbes and is thought to be a large contributor to supplying the inorganic phosphate (Pi) crucial to their growth. Relating plants and microbes to the phosphorus cycle refines our understanding of this constraint to tropical forest productivity. Models of the phosphorus cycle are typically based on supply and demand, with supply represented as various pools and demand being the sum of phosphorus required by plants and microbes. Parent material determines the initial supply of phosphorus, though the amount of it available for plants is usually much less, requiring the release of phosphatase enzymes to meet demand. Three forested sites in Puerto Rico— Rio Icacos, El Verde Ridge, and El Verde Valley — were chosen to investigate the effect of parent material on phosphatase activity of various tree species: Cercropia schreberiana, Prestoea montana, Cyrilla racemiflora, Dacryodes excelsa, and Manilkara bidenta. The two El Verde sites, on volcanistic parent material, and the Rio Icacos site on quartz-diorite form a range of conditions helpful to the development of relationships between edaphic factors and enzymatic activity. Fine root clusters collected from three trees of each species were assayed for both types of phosphatase activity: phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase. Results from ANOVA indicate the importance of species in determining phosphatase activity, particularly of phosphodiesterase. Microbial communities are an important contributor to host nutrient acquisition, though studies linking microbial community composition, host species, and phosphatase activity are lacking. DNA was extracted from the rhizosphere and enodsphere of fine roots traced from the same trees studied previously on the El Verde Ridge and the El Verde Valley sites. Results indicate a difference in microbial community composition between Dacryodes excela and Prestoea montana. Paired with the influence of species on phosphatase activity, this may point to a difference in nutrient acquisition strategy or nutrient use efficiency. Comprehension of how phosphorus constrains ecosystem productivity involves determining how individual trees adjust to their local environment, particularly with belowground processes that enhance phosphorus availability.
Food Science & Technology
Sukriti Ailavadi
Graduate Student, Food Science & Techonology
Title: Heat inactivation kinetics of Tulane virus in 2-ml glass vials
Abstract: Human noroviruses (HNoVs) are epidemiologically significant viruses causing gastrointestinal diseases. Tulane virus (TV) and murine norovirus (MNV-1) are the cultivable HNoV surrogates to determine inactivation efficacy. TV shows similar properties to HNoVs in histo blood group antigen A and B receptor-recognition sites, disease symptoms and structure. Purpose: Determination of heat inactivation kinetics (D and z-values) of TV using first order model. Methods: TV at 7 log PFU/ml in 2-ml glass vials was heated at 52, 54 and 56oC upto 10 min in a circulating water-bath. The survivors were enumerated by plaque assay using confluent LLC-MK2 cells in 6-well plates. Each treatment was replicated thrice, assayed in duplicate and data was statistically analysed for D- and z-value calculation. Results: At 52.25±0.25oC, come-up time of 172.25±67.8 sec, reduction was 0.41±0.15, 0.89±0.18, 1.04±0.05, 1.27±0.22, 1.74±0.37, 2.11±0.41 and 2.94±0.08 log PFU/ml after 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 min, respectively. At 54.3+0.3oC, come-up time of 140.67±55.7 sec, reduction was 1.09±0.06, 1.27±0.17, 1.67±0.12, 2.07±0.04, 2.40±0.15, 3.16±0.02 and 4.42±0.09 log PFU/ml after 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 min, respectively. At 56.35±0.35oC, come up time of 120.67±41.43 sec, reduction was 1.24±0.38, 2.15±0.44, 2.53±0.07, 3.43±1.27, 3.9±2.07, 5.32±1.25 and 7.42±0.14 log PFU/ml at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 min, respectively. R2 value at 52, 54 and 56oC were 0.917±0.05, 0.976±0.002 and 0.95±0.01, respectively. D-values at 52, 54 and 56oC were 4.17±0.09, 3.02±08, and 1.68±0.12 min, respectively, with z-value of 10.1oC. In comparison, MNV-1 had a reported D-value of 3.74±0.68 min at 56oC and z-value of 10.37oC. HuNoV GII has a D- value of 100min and z- value of 20.61oC at 56oC. Significance: TV showed lower D and z-values than MNV-1. Therefore, TV may not be as suitable a surrogate as MNV-1 for HNoV heat inactivation studies.
Abstract: Human noroviruses (HNoVs) are epidemiologically significant viruses causing gastrointestinal diseases. Tulane virus (TV) and murine norovirus (MNV-1) are the cultivable HNoV surrogates to determine inactivation efficacy. TV shows similar properties to HNoVs in histo blood group antigen A and B receptor-recognition sites, disease symptoms and structure. Purpose: Determination of heat inactivation kinetics (D and z-values) of TV using first order model. Methods: TV at 7 log PFU/ml in 2-ml glass vials was heated at 52, 54 and 56oC upto 10 min in a circulating water-bath. The survivors were enumerated by plaque assay using confluent LLC-MK2 cells in 6-well plates. Each treatment was replicated thrice, assayed in duplicate and data was statistically analysed for D- and z-value calculation. Results: At 52.25±0.25oC, come-up time of 172.25±67.8 sec, reduction was 0.41±0.15, 0.89±0.18, 1.04±0.05, 1.27±0.22, 1.74±0.37, 2.11±0.41 and 2.94±0.08 log PFU/ml after 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 min, respectively. At 54.3+0.3oC, come-up time of 140.67±55.7 sec, reduction was 1.09±0.06, 1.27±0.17, 1.67±0.12, 2.07±0.04, 2.40±0.15, 3.16±0.02 and 4.42±0.09 log PFU/ml after 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 min, respectively. At 56.35±0.35oC, come up time of 120.67±41.43 sec, reduction was 1.24±0.38, 2.15±0.44, 2.53±0.07, 3.43±1.27, 3.9±2.07, 5.32±1.25 and 7.42±0.14 log PFU/ml at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 min, respectively. R2 value at 52, 54 and 56oC were 0.917±0.05, 0.976±0.002 and 0.95±0.01, respectively. D-values at 52, 54 and 56oC were 4.17±0.09, 3.02±08, and 1.68±0.12 min, respectively, with z-value of 10.1oC. In comparison, MNV-1 had a reported D-value of 3.74±0.68 min at 56oC and z-value of 10.37oC. HuNoV GII has a D- value of 100min and z- value of 20.61oC at 56oC. Significance: TV showed lower D and z-values than MNV-1. Therefore, TV may not be as suitable a surrogate as MNV-1 for HNoV heat inactivation studies.
Carrie Yard
Graduate Student, Food Science & Technology
Title: Grape Seed Extract for the Reduction of Tulane Virus, a Cultivable Human Norovirus Surrogate
Abstract: Human noroviruses (HNoV) reportedly cause 19-21 million cases of gastroenteritis in the United States annually. Tulane virus (TV), a recently cultivable surrogate is used to evaluate HNoV inactivation, as it utilizes similar histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) receptors to HNoV. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a byproduct of the wine and grape juice industry that is rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory benefits. GSE has shown antiviral activity against other HNoV surrogates and hepatitis A virus. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of GSE against TV at 37°C and room temperature (RT). Methods: TV (~5 log PFU) was treated with equal volumes of 2.0 or 5.0 mg/mL GSE for 15, 30, 60, and 120 min at 37°C and RT. Treatments were stopped by initial dilution in cell-culture media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) followed by 2% FBS-containing media. TV infectivity of triplicate treatments were determined by plaque assays in duplicate using LLC-MK2 host cells and data were statistically analyzed. Results: TV at ~5 log PFU was reduced by ~0.98, 1.10, 2.21, and 2.40 log PFU upon treatment with 2.0 mg/mL GSE at RT after 15, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively, with increased reduction of ~1.59 to 2.11 log PFU at 37°C after 15, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively. TV at ~4.5 log PFU was reduced by 1.15, 1.01, 1.53, and 2.18 log PFU when treated with 5.0 mg/mL GSE at RT for 15, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively, and with reductions of ~0.80, 1.79, 2.60, and 2.63 log PFU at 37°C after 15, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively .This study showed that GSE could reduce TV in a time-dependent manner. Studies are needed to evaluate GSE as a produce wash to prevent norovirus transmission/outbreaks.
Abstract: Human noroviruses (HNoV) reportedly cause 19-21 million cases of gastroenteritis in the United States annually. Tulane virus (TV), a recently cultivable surrogate is used to evaluate HNoV inactivation, as it utilizes similar histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) receptors to HNoV. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a byproduct of the wine and grape juice industry that is rich in phenolic compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory benefits. GSE has shown antiviral activity against other HNoV surrogates and hepatitis A virus. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of GSE against TV at 37°C and room temperature (RT). Methods: TV (~5 log PFU) was treated with equal volumes of 2.0 or 5.0 mg/mL GSE for 15, 30, 60, and 120 min at 37°C and RT. Treatments were stopped by initial dilution in cell-culture media containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) followed by 2% FBS-containing media. TV infectivity of triplicate treatments were determined by plaque assays in duplicate using LLC-MK2 host cells and data were statistically analyzed. Results: TV at ~5 log PFU was reduced by ~0.98, 1.10, 2.21, and 2.40 log PFU upon treatment with 2.0 mg/mL GSE at RT after 15, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively, with increased reduction of ~1.59 to 2.11 log PFU at 37°C after 15, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively. TV at ~4.5 log PFU was reduced by 1.15, 1.01, 1.53, and 2.18 log PFU when treated with 5.0 mg/mL GSE at RT for 15, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively, and with reductions of ~0.80, 1.79, 2.60, and 2.63 log PFU at 37°C after 15, 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively .This study showed that GSE could reduce TV in a time-dependent manner. Studies are needed to evaluate GSE as a produce wash to prevent norovirus transmission/outbreaks.
Genome Science & Technology
Punita Manga
Graduate Student, Genome Science & Technology
Title: Caldicellulosiruptor bescii DSM6725 stress responses to pH and osmolarity variation
Abstract: Caldicellulosiruptor bescii is a hyper thermophile (70-80oC) that can utilize wide range of substrates. However, inhibitors present in biomass, generated through pretreatment or as a product of metabolism can limit growth and bioconversion to products. Such inhibitory chemicals like sugar or lignin degradation products and weak acids can form potential targets for tolerance studies. Complete inhibition of C. bescii growth at 200mM concentrations of organic acids such as acetic acid (Baronofsky et.al., 1984) and 50mM NaCl (Farkas et.al. 2013) as well as fermentation ends around pH 5.0 have been previously reported. In this study, we examined responses to acid and osmotic stresses using various compounds to study C. bescii growth and physiology. C. bescii DSM6725 was grown in fermenters at 75 C, pH was lowered to 6.0 at mid-log phase for treated group using sulfuric acid while controls maintained at pH 7.2. Surprisingly increased cell growth was observed in treated fermenters as compared to controls. RNA-seq data analysis using DESeq2, from samples collected pre and post acid stress, detected ABC transporters, especially the xylose sugar ABC transporters as the most significantly differentially expressed genes. To test dependence of increased growth in fermenters on sulfate from sulfuric acid, bottled experiments with and without sodium sulfate were conducted and negligible growth differences were observed. pH optima experiments are ongoing and will be reported. Preliminary NaCl osmolarity in the range 150-350 mOsm indicated longer lag phases above 200 mOsm with similar end-point growth densities across range and form the basis for more detailed ongoing studies.
Abstract: Caldicellulosiruptor bescii is a hyper thermophile (70-80oC) that can utilize wide range of substrates. However, inhibitors present in biomass, generated through pretreatment or as a product of metabolism can limit growth and bioconversion to products. Such inhibitory chemicals like sugar or lignin degradation products and weak acids can form potential targets for tolerance studies. Complete inhibition of C. bescii growth at 200mM concentrations of organic acids such as acetic acid (Baronofsky et.al., 1984) and 50mM NaCl (Farkas et.al. 2013) as well as fermentation ends around pH 5.0 have been previously reported. In this study, we examined responses to acid and osmotic stresses using various compounds to study C. bescii growth and physiology. C. bescii DSM6725 was grown in fermenters at 75 C, pH was lowered to 6.0 at mid-log phase for treated group using sulfuric acid while controls maintained at pH 7.2. Surprisingly increased cell growth was observed in treated fermenters as compared to controls. RNA-seq data analysis using DESeq2, from samples collected pre and post acid stress, detected ABC transporters, especially the xylose sugar ABC transporters as the most significantly differentially expressed genes. To test dependence of increased growth in fermenters on sulfate from sulfuric acid, bottled experiments with and without sodium sulfate were conducted and negligible growth differences were observed. pH optima experiments are ongoing and will be reported. Preliminary NaCl osmolarity in the range 150-350 mOsm indicated longer lag phases above 200 mOsm with similar end-point growth densities across range and form the basis for more detailed ongoing studies.
Kinesiology
Jessica Siegele
Graduate Student, Kinesiology
Title: Breaking the glass in intercollegiate athletics: How women reach the top
Abstract: Women encounter obstacles to career mobility in intercollegiate athletics for reasons related to sexism and gender stereotyping. This can manifest itself through unequal assumption of competence, homophobia, homologous reproduction and lack of female mentors (Barreto, Ryan, and Schmitt, 2009). The statistics of women in leadership positions within intercollegiate athletic departments reflect this phenomenon. Sport participation by women is at an all-time high, however less than 10% of NCAA Division I athletic departments have a female athletic director (Acosta & Carpenter, 2014). In addition, over 11% of NCAA Division I athletic departments do not employ any women in the leadership structure of their athletic departments (Acosta & Carpenter, 2014). The limited career mobility in intercollegiate athletics can be categorized into the following “glasses”: the “glass ceiling,” the “glass wall,” the “glass escalator,” the “glass labyrinth,” and the “glass cliff.” The current study examines ways in which women in intercollegiate athletic departments have “broken the glass” in a male-dominated industry. A qualitative research design was implemented through semi-structured interviews of 32 women working in intercollegiate athletics at the graduate assistant, early career professional, and athletic director positions. Interviews were transcribed and coded for themes. The themes of mentoring, professional development, and purposeful advanced education emerged as measures women have implemented in order to advance their position within athletic departments. Thirty of the 32 women interviewed had earned or were in the process of obtaining a master’s degree. The graduate assistants lagged behind both the early career professionals and athletic directors in the other two themes. One GA had a mentor or was a part of their professional organization, while 95% of the early career professionals and athletic directors had mentors and were a part of their professional organization. These results can assist women who desire to advance their career within intercollegiate athletics.
Abstract: Women encounter obstacles to career mobility in intercollegiate athletics for reasons related to sexism and gender stereotyping. This can manifest itself through unequal assumption of competence, homophobia, homologous reproduction and lack of female mentors (Barreto, Ryan, and Schmitt, 2009). The statistics of women in leadership positions within intercollegiate athletic departments reflect this phenomenon. Sport participation by women is at an all-time high, however less than 10% of NCAA Division I athletic departments have a female athletic director (Acosta & Carpenter, 2014). In addition, over 11% of NCAA Division I athletic departments do not employ any women in the leadership structure of their athletic departments (Acosta & Carpenter, 2014). The limited career mobility in intercollegiate athletics can be categorized into the following “glasses”: the “glass ceiling,” the “glass wall,” the “glass escalator,” the “glass labyrinth,” and the “glass cliff.” The current study examines ways in which women in intercollegiate athletic departments have “broken the glass” in a male-dominated industry. A qualitative research design was implemented through semi-structured interviews of 32 women working in intercollegiate athletics at the graduate assistant, early career professional, and athletic director positions. Interviews were transcribed and coded for themes. The themes of mentoring, professional development, and purposeful advanced education emerged as measures women have implemented in order to advance their position within athletic departments. Thirty of the 32 women interviewed had earned or were in the process of obtaining a master’s degree. The graduate assistants lagged behind both the early career professionals and athletic directors in the other two themes. One GA had a mentor or was a part of their professional organization, while 95% of the early career professionals and athletic directors had mentors and were a part of their professional organization. These results can assist women who desire to advance their career within intercollegiate athletics.
Microbiology
Karissa Cross
Graduate Student, Microbiology
Title: Characterization of the dark microbial matter in the human oral microbiota and its role in health and disease
Abstract: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results in significant tooth loss and can contribute to systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Approximately half of adults over the age of thirty have some form of periodontal disease that must be treated with non-surgical and sometimes surgical treatments such as antibiotics, root planting, or bone and tissue grafts. The etiological agents of periodontal disease remain unclear due to the complexity of the oral microbial community. A change in microbial diversity, such as the establishment of a foreign pathogen, does not always correlate to disease acquisition but growing evidence suggests disease results from an increase in abundance of the microbial minority already present in healthy individuals. The first target for this study is the uncultured oral Deltaproteobacteria Desulfobulbus genus that is part of the healthy oral flora yet increases in abundance during periodontal disease progression. Given the potential link between periodontal disease and Desulfobulbus species abundance, additional investigation of members of the Desulfobulbus genus is warranted. Using genomic single-cell information, the prediction of metabolic potential has allowed for targeted enrichment of a member of this genus, Desulfobulbus R004. Upon isolation, revealing the physiology of this species in pure and controlled oral microbial consortia can identify the etiological potential of this. Once it is known how Desulfobulbus R004 adapted to interact with the oral microbiome, we can begin to distinguish how the microbial minority of the oral cavity can contribute to periodontitis. The long-term goal of this project is to identify key features of oral microbial communities in which periodontal disease occurs. This will allow for better diagnostic and predictive capabilities for periodontal diseases associated with the dark microbial matter in the human oral microbiota.
Abstract: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results in significant tooth loss and can contribute to systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Approximately half of adults over the age of thirty have some form of periodontal disease that must be treated with non-surgical and sometimes surgical treatments such as antibiotics, root planting, or bone and tissue grafts. The etiological agents of periodontal disease remain unclear due to the complexity of the oral microbial community. A change in microbial diversity, such as the establishment of a foreign pathogen, does not always correlate to disease acquisition but growing evidence suggests disease results from an increase in abundance of the microbial minority already present in healthy individuals. The first target for this study is the uncultured oral Deltaproteobacteria Desulfobulbus genus that is part of the healthy oral flora yet increases in abundance during periodontal disease progression. Given the potential link between periodontal disease and Desulfobulbus species abundance, additional investigation of members of the Desulfobulbus genus is warranted. Using genomic single-cell information, the prediction of metabolic potential has allowed for targeted enrichment of a member of this genus, Desulfobulbus R004. Upon isolation, revealing the physiology of this species in pure and controlled oral microbial consortia can identify the etiological potential of this. Once it is known how Desulfobulbus R004 adapted to interact with the oral microbiome, we can begin to distinguish how the microbial minority of the oral cavity can contribute to periodontitis. The long-term goal of this project is to identify key features of oral microbial communities in which periodontal disease occurs. This will allow for better diagnostic and predictive capabilities for periodontal diseases associated with the dark microbial matter in the human oral microbiota.
Nuclear Engineering
Anna Mazzolini
Graduate Student, Nuclear Engineering
Title: Developing Bearing Prognostics Using Multi-Sensor Overload Failure Data
Abstract: Bearings are essential components in rotating machinery found in countless applications. In fact, bearing failure represents one of the largest failure mechanisms in rotating machinery. [1] Maintenance of bearings can have a large impact on overall system efficiency. When developing maintenance procedures, it is ideal to minimize costs and equipment downtime while maximizing safety. Reactive, or run-to-failure, maintenance minimizes maintenance costs at the expense of operation costs and safety. Preventative, or time-based, maintenance maximizes safety and minimizes operation costs at the expense of equipment downtime and maintenance costs. Predictive, or condition-based, maintenance attempts to optimize overall costs while maintaining system safety and reducing downtown. Predictive maintenance uses online equipment condition assessment and remaining useful life (RUL) predictions to schedule inspection and maintenance actions. The development of methods for early and accurate RUL predictions for bearings has the potential to transform maintenance planning in numerous industries, reducing operation and maintenance costs while maintaining or improving overall system safety, reliability, and economics. In order to develop robust RUL models, examples of run-to-failure data are needed. Using data collected during accelerated degradation tests has the advantages of being easily controlled and of providing ample data over relatively a short test period. A testbed has been constructed to incite bearing failure through the application of a radial load. Several parameters are monitored continuously and online, including motor current, shaft rotational speed, acoustics and bearing vibration and temperature. Bearing prognostics to date have relied primarily on vibration data, which either requires a priori knowledge of bearing behavior or the incorporation of a deterministic model. [2-4] By gathering data from our accelerated degradation testbed, we can create a data-driven model for accurate RUL predictions that is both transferrable to industrial applications and based on easily measured process signals.
Abstract: Bearings are essential components in rotating machinery found in countless applications. In fact, bearing failure represents one of the largest failure mechanisms in rotating machinery. [1] Maintenance of bearings can have a large impact on overall system efficiency. When developing maintenance procedures, it is ideal to minimize costs and equipment downtime while maximizing safety. Reactive, or run-to-failure, maintenance minimizes maintenance costs at the expense of operation costs and safety. Preventative, or time-based, maintenance maximizes safety and minimizes operation costs at the expense of equipment downtime and maintenance costs. Predictive, or condition-based, maintenance attempts to optimize overall costs while maintaining system safety and reducing downtown. Predictive maintenance uses online equipment condition assessment and remaining useful life (RUL) predictions to schedule inspection and maintenance actions. The development of methods for early and accurate RUL predictions for bearings has the potential to transform maintenance planning in numerous industries, reducing operation and maintenance costs while maintaining or improving overall system safety, reliability, and economics. In order to develop robust RUL models, examples of run-to-failure data are needed. Using data collected during accelerated degradation tests has the advantages of being easily controlled and of providing ample data over relatively a short test period. A testbed has been constructed to incite bearing failure through the application of a radial load. Several parameters are monitored continuously and online, including motor current, shaft rotational speed, acoustics and bearing vibration and temperature. Bearing prognostics to date have relied primarily on vibration data, which either requires a priori knowledge of bearing behavior or the incorporation of a deterministic model. [2-4] By gathering data from our accelerated degradation testbed, we can create a data-driven model for accurate RUL predictions that is both transferrable to industrial applications and based on easily measured process signals.
Nursing
Adaya Kirk
Undergraduate Student, Nursing
Title: Audience, Content, Media: Factors to Consider When Designing Technology Based Asthma Education Programs for Children.
Abstract: Childhood asthma is a growing societal problem that causes suffering for children and families. Short of finding a cure, the best way to address this problem is to give children with asthma the resources they need to control their condition. Unfortunately, research and resources for young children with asthma are lacking. The authors hypothesize that an approach using technology based delivery methods to provide age-appropriate education, which promotes self-regulation and includes psychosocial elements, could help children with asthma decrease exacerbations in the short term and establish healthy habits in the long term. To lay the groundwork for the initial investigation of this hypothesis, the authors reviewed the literature for three elements: audience (children with asthma), content (self-regulation and psychosocial elements), and media (mobile technology applications and digital story). Literature was reviewed for children’s beliefs about illness and medication, self-regulation versus self- management, the psychosocial elements of parental support and peer influences, technology and education, clinical computer-based education, electronic educational games, and smartphone applications. The gaps in the literature found regarding these topics point to areas where future research would be instructive for designing effective, technology based applications for children with asthma. To produce the most effective asthma education materials for children, all three elements in this literature review—audience, content, and medium—should be investigated in future research studies.
Abstract: Childhood asthma is a growing societal problem that causes suffering for children and families. Short of finding a cure, the best way to address this problem is to give children with asthma the resources they need to control their condition. Unfortunately, research and resources for young children with asthma are lacking. The authors hypothesize that an approach using technology based delivery methods to provide age-appropriate education, which promotes self-regulation and includes psychosocial elements, could help children with asthma decrease exacerbations in the short term and establish healthy habits in the long term. To lay the groundwork for the initial investigation of this hypothesis, the authors reviewed the literature for three elements: audience (children with asthma), content (self-regulation and psychosocial elements), and media (mobile technology applications and digital story). Literature was reviewed for children’s beliefs about illness and medication, self-regulation versus self- management, the psychosocial elements of parental support and peer influences, technology and education, clinical computer-based education, electronic educational games, and smartphone applications. The gaps in the literature found regarding these topics point to areas where future research would be instructive for designing effective, technology based applications for children with asthma. To produce the most effective asthma education materials for children, all three elements in this literature review—audience, content, and medium—should be investigated in future research studies.
Hannah Yoder
Undergraduate Student, Nursing
Title: Cultural and situational risk factors that determine Black women's experiences of antenatal care
Abstract: Problem Statement/Background: Non-Hispanic Black women are at higher risk of preterm birth than non-Hispanic White women. Research to determine the cause of poor birth outcomes among Black women has addressed many potential factors, however, few investigators have explored Black women’s own views concerning risk factors contributing to preterm births, or how they experience their pregnancies. Purpose: This literature review summarized the current state-of-the-science regarding cultural and situational risk factors facing Black women in the context of pregnancy-related health disparities. Several significant themes emerged, suggesting that nationally, the quality of provider relationships, community support, and internal cultural barriers to antenatal care are major factors which influence Black women’s experiences of antenatal care. In addition, there is evidence that the midwifery model of care tends to improve the care experience and birth outcomes of Black women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Conclusion/Gaps: Overall, there is a lack of data existing on Black women’s perspective of antenatal care, particularly regarding midwifery care. Future research should explore this area, focusing on Black women’s expectations regarding changes and care. The results will enable researchers and healthcare workers to develop culturally-congruent care that has the potential to improve outcomes for Black women and their neonates.
Abstract: Problem Statement/Background: Non-Hispanic Black women are at higher risk of preterm birth than non-Hispanic White women. Research to determine the cause of poor birth outcomes among Black women has addressed many potential factors, however, few investigators have explored Black women’s own views concerning risk factors contributing to preterm births, or how they experience their pregnancies. Purpose: This literature review summarized the current state-of-the-science regarding cultural and situational risk factors facing Black women in the context of pregnancy-related health disparities. Several significant themes emerged, suggesting that nationally, the quality of provider relationships, community support, and internal cultural barriers to antenatal care are major factors which influence Black women’s experiences of antenatal care. In addition, there is evidence that the midwifery model of care tends to improve the care experience and birth outcomes of Black women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Conclusion/Gaps: Overall, there is a lack of data existing on Black women’s perspective of antenatal care, particularly regarding midwifery care. Future research should explore this area, focusing on Black women’s expectations regarding changes and care. The results will enable researchers and healthcare workers to develop culturally-congruent care that has the potential to improve outcomes for Black women and their neonates.
Stephanie Nabors
Undergraduate Student, Nursing
Title: A Literature Review of Substance Abuse Among Anesthesia Providers
Abstract: Rationale: Research has demonstrated that anesthesia providers are more susceptible to substance abuse than any other healthcare provider. Several preventative measures are being implemented in Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) programs to educate these future anesthesia providers about the risk factors, trends, and outcomes associated with substance abuse. Given that the rate of substance abuse continues to pose a threat to CRNAs and anesthesiologists, more research is needed that is aimed at the implementation of preventative strategies in the educational setting. Method: The purpose of this literature review was to examine the state-of-the-science related to pre-disposing risk factors, prevalence of substance abuse, and the preventative measures regarding substance abuse among anesthesia providers. References were identified using PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar using the following search terms: “anesthesia,” “student,” “wellness,” “stress,” “substance abuse,” “satisfaction,” “personality,” “depression,” and “nurse.” Results: The existing science underscored that stress, career satisfaction, personality, genetics, and fatigue all play a significant role as risk factors for substance abuse among anesthesia providers. Both students and board-certified healthcare providers fall prey to substance abuse due to ease of access, high stress associated with administering anesthesia, and the propensity to become addicted to opioids and other anesthetics. Finally, preventative measures currently include educational videos, peer support groups, wellness programs, and computerized documentation and accountability. A gap in the science exists about which, if any, of these strategies are effective. Future research should emphasize the integration of preventative strategies in the educational setting in order to create a safer environment for anesthesia providers and their patients.
Abstract: Rationale: Research has demonstrated that anesthesia providers are more susceptible to substance abuse than any other healthcare provider. Several preventative measures are being implemented in Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) programs to educate these future anesthesia providers about the risk factors, trends, and outcomes associated with substance abuse. Given that the rate of substance abuse continues to pose a threat to CRNAs and anesthesiologists, more research is needed that is aimed at the implementation of preventative strategies in the educational setting. Method: The purpose of this literature review was to examine the state-of-the-science related to pre-disposing risk factors, prevalence of substance abuse, and the preventative measures regarding substance abuse among anesthesia providers. References were identified using PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar using the following search terms: “anesthesia,” “student,” “wellness,” “stress,” “substance abuse,” “satisfaction,” “personality,” “depression,” and “nurse.” Results: The existing science underscored that stress, career satisfaction, personality, genetics, and fatigue all play a significant role as risk factors for substance abuse among anesthesia providers. Both students and board-certified healthcare providers fall prey to substance abuse due to ease of access, high stress associated with administering anesthesia, and the propensity to become addicted to opioids and other anesthetics. Finally, preventative measures currently include educational videos, peer support groups, wellness programs, and computerized documentation and accountability. A gap in the science exists about which, if any, of these strategies are effective. Future research should emphasize the integration of preventative strategies in the educational setting in order to create a safer environment for anesthesia providers and their patients.
Physics & Astronomy
Brennan Hackett
Undergraduate Student, Physics & Astronomy
Title: PROSPECT: The Delicate Nature of Neutrinos
Abstract: The discovery of neutrino oscillations confirmed that neutrinos do have mass therefore there is still more to be explained about the Standard model. PROSPECT looks to measure antineutrino oscillations over short distances (a few meters) to better understand neutrinos and their properties. PROSPECT, or the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, aims to make precise measurements of the antineutrino energy spectrum and oscillations in short baseline experiments. These experiments could resolve anomalous results in antineutrino flux and define the world’s most precise antineutrino energy spectrum. Inverse beta decay is used to measure these antineutrinos and their energies. An inverse beta decay occurs when a high energy antineutrino interacts with a neutron, resulting in the production of an electron and a proton. The energy of the electron is then measured by detectors and correlates to the energy of the antineutrino. The experiment is located at the High Flux Isotope Reactor in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The fission products of the reactor are extremely neutron rich therefore beta decay, creating high energy antineutrinos. This is a short baseline experiment therefore the detectors are a few meters from the reactor. At this proximity there are large amounts of background radiation interfering with the detectors’ measurements. Shielding is used to block some of the background noise. It is very important to fully characterize and understand the background radiation. A movable array of 16 NaI(Tl) detectors is being designed and implemented and will cover an area of 5 sq. meters. This array will identify any hotspots and measure the effectiveness of shielding that PROSPECT installs in the future.
Abstract: The discovery of neutrino oscillations confirmed that neutrinos do have mass therefore there is still more to be explained about the Standard model. PROSPECT looks to measure antineutrino oscillations over short distances (a few meters) to better understand neutrinos and their properties. PROSPECT, or the Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, aims to make precise measurements of the antineutrino energy spectrum and oscillations in short baseline experiments. These experiments could resolve anomalous results in antineutrino flux and define the world’s most precise antineutrino energy spectrum. Inverse beta decay is used to measure these antineutrinos and their energies. An inverse beta decay occurs when a high energy antineutrino interacts with a neutron, resulting in the production of an electron and a proton. The energy of the electron is then measured by detectors and correlates to the energy of the antineutrino. The experiment is located at the High Flux Isotope Reactor in Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The fission products of the reactor are extremely neutron rich therefore beta decay, creating high energy antineutrinos. This is a short baseline experiment therefore the detectors are a few meters from the reactor. At this proximity there are large amounts of background radiation interfering with the detectors’ measurements. Shielding is used to block some of the background noise. It is very important to fully characterize and understand the background radiation. A movable array of 16 NaI(Tl) detectors is being designed and implemented and will cover an area of 5 sq. meters. This array will identify any hotspots and measure the effectiveness of shielding that PROSPECT installs in the future.
Brooke Carter
Undergraduate Student, Physics & Astronomy
Title: PhotoMultiplier Tube Coupling to HAGRD Crystals
Abstract: The HAGRD (Hybrid Array of Gamma Ray Detectors) scintillator array is being developed for use in nuclear physics experiments for reactions and decays to measure coincidence gamma-rays. Gamma-ray measurement lets us identify states in a specific nucleus that were either populated directly or were in the path of decay. These reactions and decays are used to understand the structure of the nucleus and the production of elements in the universe. This scintillator array includes gamma ray detectors that consist of LaBr3 crystals attached to PMTs (Photomultiplier Tubes). Several types of PMTs have been tested to be used in the array. Data is presented from our energy and timing resolution tests with LaBr3 crystals coupled to two different types of PMTs using a digital acquisition system.
Abstract: The HAGRD (Hybrid Array of Gamma Ray Detectors) scintillator array is being developed for use in nuclear physics experiments for reactions and decays to measure coincidence gamma-rays. Gamma-ray measurement lets us identify states in a specific nucleus that were either populated directly or were in the path of decay. These reactions and decays are used to understand the structure of the nucleus and the production of elements in the universe. This scintillator array includes gamma ray detectors that consist of LaBr3 crystals attached to PMTs (Photomultiplier Tubes). Several types of PMTs have been tested to be used in the array. Data is presented from our energy and timing resolution tests with LaBr3 crystals coupled to two different types of PMTs using a digital acquisition system.
Rachel Mersch
Undergraduate Student, Physics & Astronomy
Title: Nucleosynthesis in Core-Collapse Supernovae
Abstract: A Core-Collapse Supernova explosion occurs when nuclear fusion stops in the core of a massive star. Without a source of energy supplying enough pressure to balance gravity, the core becomes unstable and collapses to form a neutron star. Beyond the neutron star, a shockwave forms which moves outward through the star, causing heavier elements to be created through nuclear fusion. We have been studying the elements that are ejected from a Core-Collapse Supernova using a nuclear code network called XNet, which follows the thermonuclear kinetics. We use the results from a code called Chimera, which explores the mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernova. We are exploring how the composition of the newly-made elements that are ejected by the explosion change over time. In particular, we are studying how well extrapolations from earlier times fit the final result. If the extrapolations fit the final result well, it may be possible to shorten the simulation in order to save on computing costs while still maintaining accurate predictions.
Abstract: A Core-Collapse Supernova explosion occurs when nuclear fusion stops in the core of a massive star. Without a source of energy supplying enough pressure to balance gravity, the core becomes unstable and collapses to form a neutron star. Beyond the neutron star, a shockwave forms which moves outward through the star, causing heavier elements to be created through nuclear fusion. We have been studying the elements that are ejected from a Core-Collapse Supernova using a nuclear code network called XNet, which follows the thermonuclear kinetics. We use the results from a code called Chimera, which explores the mechanism of Core-Collapse Supernova. We are exploring how the composition of the newly-made elements that are ejected by the explosion change over time. In particular, we are studying how well extrapolations from earlier times fit the final result. If the extrapolations fit the final result well, it may be possible to shorten the simulation in order to save on computing costs while still maintaining accurate predictions.
Elisa Romero-Romero
Graduate Student, Physics & Astronomy
Title: Search for Doubly Charged Negative Ions
Abstract: An important goal of negative ion physics is to better understand the role played by electron correlation in the structure and dynamics of many-electron systems. Single negative ions have been a key in understanding a number of areas of physics and chemistry. Doubly charge atomic ions in gas phase are still unseen. This work present a technique to assess and identify doubly charged negative ions. We want to demonstrate that the conventional mass spectroscopy is not enough for the search of the doubly charged negative ions. Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy plays a crucial role in proving their existence.
Abstract: An important goal of negative ion physics is to better understand the role played by electron correlation in the structure and dynamics of many-electron systems. Single negative ions have been a key in understanding a number of areas of physics and chemistry. Doubly charge atomic ions in gas phase are still unseen. This work present a technique to assess and identify doubly charged negative ions. We want to demonstrate that the conventional mass spectroscopy is not enough for the search of the doubly charged negative ions. Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy plays a crucial role in proving their existence.
Carrie Elliott
Undergraduate Student, Physics & Astronomy
Title: Visualizing Nucleosynthesis in Type II Supernovae
Abstract: Type II Supernovae are the most common class of the “core collapse” supernovae. These dramatic events involve the violent destruction of a high mass star (greater than approximately 8 solar masses). Their death is a result of an immense self-gravitational force becoming unbalanced as nuclear fusion ceases in the stellar core, leading to the collapse of the core to form a neutron star. The development of the explosion occurs over roughly one second after the formation of the neutron star, launching a shockwave that causes fusion into heavier elements as it progress through the star, thereby playing a large role in the creation of the elements present in the universe. In recent years, the complex nature of the explosion (its hydrodynamics, transport of energy, and the created isotopes) have been studied with increasing physical fidelity and spatial dimensionality. Detailed nucleosynthesis from models of these core collapse supernovae is calculated in a post-processing step, using the thermodynamic trajectories of tracer particles evolved within the models. My work on the project has been to develop the tools to visualize the results of post-processing calculations on the multi-dimensional grid of the original model. I have improved upon a simple nearest-neighbor method of interpolation of density in-between elements to account for the issues with initial particle alignment and boundaries, to develop a smooth interpolation free of gaps or bands. This smooth interpolation can also be applied the re-mapping of isotope abundance to provide a visual presentation of the distribution of isotopes in the exploding star through a program called SPLASH. Once the 2-D method is satisfactory, we will consider ways in which to move to 3-D to ultimately be able to better visualize the nucleosynthesis that occurs in the most complex models of the death of a massive star.
Abstract: Type II Supernovae are the most common class of the “core collapse” supernovae. These dramatic events involve the violent destruction of a high mass star (greater than approximately 8 solar masses). Their death is a result of an immense self-gravitational force becoming unbalanced as nuclear fusion ceases in the stellar core, leading to the collapse of the core to form a neutron star. The development of the explosion occurs over roughly one second after the formation of the neutron star, launching a shockwave that causes fusion into heavier elements as it progress through the star, thereby playing a large role in the creation of the elements present in the universe. In recent years, the complex nature of the explosion (its hydrodynamics, transport of energy, and the created isotopes) have been studied with increasing physical fidelity and spatial dimensionality. Detailed nucleosynthesis from models of these core collapse supernovae is calculated in a post-processing step, using the thermodynamic trajectories of tracer particles evolved within the models. My work on the project has been to develop the tools to visualize the results of post-processing calculations on the multi-dimensional grid of the original model. I have improved upon a simple nearest-neighbor method of interpolation of density in-between elements to account for the issues with initial particle alignment and boundaries, to develop a smooth interpolation free of gaps or bands. This smooth interpolation can also be applied the re-mapping of isotope abundance to provide a visual presentation of the distribution of isotopes in the exploding star through a program called SPLASH. Once the 2-D method is satisfactory, we will consider ways in which to move to 3-D to ultimately be able to better visualize the nucleosynthesis that occurs in the most complex models of the death of a massive star.
Plant Science
Rosalie Metallo
Graduate Student, Plant Science
Title: Comparative effects of white and blue/red LED light ratios to maximize biomass in 30-day old Sprouting broccoli in controlled environments
Abstract: Light quality plays a major role in plant growth and development, particularly in controlled environments (CE). Previous work by our group has shown blue/red narrow-band wavelengths from light-emitting diodes (LED) influence biomass production in brassica crops differently than traditional fluorescent and incandescent lighting. The goal of this study was to compare impacts of white LEDs with different ratios of blue/red LEDs on height and biomass of sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Broccoli were seeded into Oasis root cubes and germinated in greenhouse conditions before transfer to CE chambers 7 days after seeding (DAS). Chamber air temperatures were set at 22 °C with a 14-h photoperiod using a light intensity of 250 µmol×m-2×sec-1. LED treatments were: 1) white; 2) 5% blue (447 ± 5 nm) / 95% red (627 ± 5 nm); 3) 10% blue / 90% red; 4) 20% blue / 80% red; 5) 40% blue / 60% red; and 6) 60% blue / 40% red. All plants were harvested 30 DAS and shoot tissues were measured for height and fresh mass (FM). The experiment was repeated three times. Broccoli plant height (P£0.001) and shoot fresh mass (P£0.001) varied in response to light quality treatments. Plants under the 5% blue/95% red treatment had the tallest height, (16.1 cm), while plants under the 40% blue/60% red treatment had the lowest height (13.5 cm). The highest shoot FM were found for plants under the 5% blue/95% red treatment, while the lowest FM in shoot were for plants under the 60% blue/40% red treatment. Higher ratios of blue light decreased broccoli height and FM, which may be due to the influence of blue light stimuli on stem elongation and stomatal regulation. Therefore, proper management of blue/red LED lighting ratios may be beneficial to baby leafy green production in controlled environments.
Abstract: Light quality plays a major role in plant growth and development, particularly in controlled environments (CE). Previous work by our group has shown blue/red narrow-band wavelengths from light-emitting diodes (LED) influence biomass production in brassica crops differently than traditional fluorescent and incandescent lighting. The goal of this study was to compare impacts of white LEDs with different ratios of blue/red LEDs on height and biomass of sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Broccoli were seeded into Oasis root cubes and germinated in greenhouse conditions before transfer to CE chambers 7 days after seeding (DAS). Chamber air temperatures were set at 22 °C with a 14-h photoperiod using a light intensity of 250 µmol×m-2×sec-1. LED treatments were: 1) white; 2) 5% blue (447 ± 5 nm) / 95% red (627 ± 5 nm); 3) 10% blue / 90% red; 4) 20% blue / 80% red; 5) 40% blue / 60% red; and 6) 60% blue / 40% red. All plants were harvested 30 DAS and shoot tissues were measured for height and fresh mass (FM). The experiment was repeated three times. Broccoli plant height (P£0.001) and shoot fresh mass (P£0.001) varied in response to light quality treatments. Plants under the 5% blue/95% red treatment had the tallest height, (16.1 cm), while plants under the 40% blue/60% red treatment had the lowest height (13.5 cm). The highest shoot FM were found for plants under the 5% blue/95% red treatment, while the lowest FM in shoot were for plants under the 60% blue/40% red treatment. Higher ratios of blue light decreased broccoli height and FM, which may be due to the influence of blue light stimuli on stem elongation and stomatal regulation. Therefore, proper management of blue/red LED lighting ratios may be beneficial to baby leafy green production in controlled environments.
Psychology
Rebecca Wiener
Graduate Student, Psychology
Title: Can motor action anticipation modulate the level of engagement and visual attention to a scene?
Abstract: Research on infant reaching suggests that visual attention to a scene prior to reaching is crucial for goal planning and guiding actions. This contrasts with the large number of infant studies that heavily rely on looking behavior alone to infer infant cognition. In those looking tasks, infants may not understand what is being expected from them, which may reduce their ability to sustain their attention to the scene. The current study aims to investigate how visual attention to similar scenes compares when infants are just asked to look at them, versus when asked to look and then reach for an object in the scene. We measured infants’ visual attention on and away from the scene before being prompted to reach for an object, versus without such a prompt. Thirty-six 7-month-olds were presented with objects out of their reaching space until 6s of active looking was obtained using eye-tracking. In the reaching group (n=18) the object was subsequently moved forward and the infants were encouraged to reach for it, while in the non-reaching group (n=18) the object was removed after the 6s, and they were never allowed to act on it. We coded how long and how often the infants diverted their visual attention away from the scene (looked away), as well as proportions of looking to different AOIs on the scene, to look at the allocation of visual attention. We found that infants in the non-reaching group looked away from the scene for longer durations (p=.003) compared to the reaching group. These results suggest that having an action goal following visual exploration drives infant engagement and visual attention to the scene. The absence of an action goal for guiding visual scene exploration in the non-reaching group led to longer looks away from the scene, compared to the reaching group.
Abstract: Research on infant reaching suggests that visual attention to a scene prior to reaching is crucial for goal planning and guiding actions. This contrasts with the large number of infant studies that heavily rely on looking behavior alone to infer infant cognition. In those looking tasks, infants may not understand what is being expected from them, which may reduce their ability to sustain their attention to the scene. The current study aims to investigate how visual attention to similar scenes compares when infants are just asked to look at them, versus when asked to look and then reach for an object in the scene. We measured infants’ visual attention on and away from the scene before being prompted to reach for an object, versus without such a prompt. Thirty-six 7-month-olds were presented with objects out of their reaching space until 6s of active looking was obtained using eye-tracking. In the reaching group (n=18) the object was subsequently moved forward and the infants were encouraged to reach for it, while in the non-reaching group (n=18) the object was removed after the 6s, and they were never allowed to act on it. We coded how long and how often the infants diverted their visual attention away from the scene (looked away), as well as proportions of looking to different AOIs on the scene, to look at the allocation of visual attention. We found that infants in the non-reaching group looked away from the scene for longer durations (p=.003) compared to the reaching group. These results suggest that having an action goal following visual exploration drives infant engagement and visual attention to the scene. The absence of an action goal for guiding visual scene exploration in the non-reaching group led to longer looks away from the scene, compared to the reaching group.
Alexandra Romano
Graduate Student, Psychology
Title: Neural Mechanisms Associated with Spatial Orienting and Infant Visual Attention
Abstract: Current evidence (.e.g, Colombo & Mitchell, 1990) indicates that infants who demonstrate brief fixations during initial exposure to a visual stimulus (i.e., short lookers) process visual stimuli more efficiently than infants who demonstrate relatively long fixations (i.e., long lookers). We investigated the possibility that development of the posterior orienting system involved in the voluntary control of eye movements may be associated with individual differences in infant visual attention, with long lookers experiencing comparatively delayed neural development. Twenty-one infants were tested at 4 and 6 months of age in a look duration task and a spatial cueing procedure while measuring the electrooculogram (EOG), event-related potentials (ERP), and infant looking behavior. A median split based on longest looks to a face determined looker-type groups. The spatial cueing procedure consisted of presentations of a central stimulus paired with a cue to the left or right of midline. Following a brief delay, a target appeared either ipsilateral (valid trials) or contralateral (invalid trials) to the cue location. Significant effects were found at contralateral parietal electrodes. There was a main effect for Cue, F (1, 19) 8.81; p = .008, and greater amplitude P1 on invalid compared to valid trials. There was an interaction of Cue by Looker Type, F (1, 19) 3.99; p = .06. Short lookers demonstrated significant differences in P1 amplitude for valid compared to invalid trials, t (10) 2.86, p = .02, but long lookers did not, t (9) 1.13, p = .29. The finding that short lookers demonstrate differences in P1 amplitude but not long lookers provides evidence that posterior orienting system development may be associated with individual differences in infant visual attention.
Abstract: Current evidence (.e.g, Colombo & Mitchell, 1990) indicates that infants who demonstrate brief fixations during initial exposure to a visual stimulus (i.e., short lookers) process visual stimuli more efficiently than infants who demonstrate relatively long fixations (i.e., long lookers). We investigated the possibility that development of the posterior orienting system involved in the voluntary control of eye movements may be associated with individual differences in infant visual attention, with long lookers experiencing comparatively delayed neural development. Twenty-one infants were tested at 4 and 6 months of age in a look duration task and a spatial cueing procedure while measuring the electrooculogram (EOG), event-related potentials (ERP), and infant looking behavior. A median split based on longest looks to a face determined looker-type groups. The spatial cueing procedure consisted of presentations of a central stimulus paired with a cue to the left or right of midline. Following a brief delay, a target appeared either ipsilateral (valid trials) or contralateral (invalid trials) to the cue location. Significant effects were found at contralateral parietal electrodes. There was a main effect for Cue, F (1, 19) 8.81; p = .008, and greater amplitude P1 on invalid compared to valid trials. There was an interaction of Cue by Looker Type, F (1, 19) 3.99; p = .06. Short lookers demonstrated significant differences in P1 amplitude for valid compared to invalid trials, t (10) 2.86, p = .02, but long lookers did not, t (9) 1.13, p = .29. The finding that short lookers demonstrate differences in P1 amplitude but not long lookers provides evidence that posterior orienting system development may be associated with individual differences in infant visual attention.
Meagan Brem
Graduate Student, Psychology
Title: Dispositional Mindfulness Moderates the Relation between Psychological Aggression Victimization and Forgiveness
Abstract: Forgiveness reduces the impact of mental health consequences (e.g., depression and PTSD) and facilitates recovery in survivors of partner abuse. Forgiveness is not excusing, condoning, or forgetting abusive behavior, but releasing oneself from destructive emotions (e.g., anger, hostility, vengefulness) towards the offender and reclaiming valued qualities (e.g., compassion). Individuals with high dispositional mindfulness are better able to focus on the present in a non-judgmental way such that compassion towards self and others are achieved, thereby facilitating forgiveness. Given the high prevalence and frequency of intimate partner psychological aggression (PA) among college students, research is needed to examine ways in which forgiveness may be achieved. We hypothesized high dispositional mindfulness would increase the likelihood of forgiveness among individuals victimized by PA. Self-report, cross-sectional data were collected from 113 college students (85% women). The Psychological Aggression victimization subscale of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (Straus et al., 1996) assessed PA victimization during the past 12 months. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003) measured dispositional mindfulness. The Forgiveness Scale (Rye et al., 2001) assessed offender-directed forgiveness. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted using Hayes’ & Matthes’ (2009) macro to test the interaction between PA victimization and dispositional mindfulness predicting forgiveness. To explicate the interaction, we tested the relationship between PA victimization and forgiveness at high (+1 SD), mean, and low (-1 SD) levels of dispositional mindfulness. Results of a two-way interaction between dispositional mindfulness and PA victimization revealed the overall model fit was significant F(3, 109) = 3.14, p < .05. The addition of the interaction term contributed to a significant increase in R2. Explication of this interaction indicated those victimized by PA are more likely to experience forgiveness when they evidence high (β = .21, p < .05), but not mean or low, levels of dispositional mindfulness.
Abstract: Forgiveness reduces the impact of mental health consequences (e.g., depression and PTSD) and facilitates recovery in survivors of partner abuse. Forgiveness is not excusing, condoning, or forgetting abusive behavior, but releasing oneself from destructive emotions (e.g., anger, hostility, vengefulness) towards the offender and reclaiming valued qualities (e.g., compassion). Individuals with high dispositional mindfulness are better able to focus on the present in a non-judgmental way such that compassion towards self and others are achieved, thereby facilitating forgiveness. Given the high prevalence and frequency of intimate partner psychological aggression (PA) among college students, research is needed to examine ways in which forgiveness may be achieved. We hypothesized high dispositional mindfulness would increase the likelihood of forgiveness among individuals victimized by PA. Self-report, cross-sectional data were collected from 113 college students (85% women). The Psychological Aggression victimization subscale of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (Straus et al., 1996) assessed PA victimization during the past 12 months. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Brown & Ryan, 2003) measured dispositional mindfulness. The Forgiveness Scale (Rye et al., 2001) assessed offender-directed forgiveness. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted using Hayes’ & Matthes’ (2009) macro to test the interaction between PA victimization and dispositional mindfulness predicting forgiveness. To explicate the interaction, we tested the relationship between PA victimization and forgiveness at high (+1 SD), mean, and low (-1 SD) levels of dispositional mindfulness. Results of a two-way interaction between dispositional mindfulness and PA victimization revealed the overall model fit was significant F(3, 109) = 3.14, p < .05. The addition of the interaction term contributed to a significant increase in R2. Explication of this interaction indicated those victimized by PA are more likely to experience forgiveness when they evidence high (β = .21, p < .05), but not mean or low, levels of dispositional mindfulness.
Michaela Mercer
Undergraduate Student, Psychology
Title: What is Nostalgia? A Multi-Method Investigation of Emotional Reactions to Childhood Cartoons
Abstract: The existence of mixed emotions has become a controversial topic in the field of social psychology, and there have been numerous studies over the past few decades in an effort to uncover the truth about mixed emotions (Larsen & McGraw, 2014; Hepper, Ritchie, Sedikides & Wildschut, 2011). One emotion that has been thought to be a mixed emotion is nostalgia (Sedikides, Wildschut, Arndt & Routledge, 2008). Nostalgia has not been very thoroughly studied, and this study seeks to discern what nostalgia is and how it is elicited. In the study, psychology students from the University of Tennessee watched cartoons that were popular in the 1990s and recent cartoons. 70 psychology students watched a total of 7 cartoons: 4 recent, or control, cartoons and 3 “nostalgic” cartoons. The participants rated the intensity of their happy, sad, neutral, and nostalgic feelings towards the cartoons. In addition, their facial reactions towards the cartoons were covertly recorded and rated as happy, sad, neutral, or nostalgic by independent coders. It was hypothesized that the participants would rate the popular childhood cartoons as more nostalgic, happy, and sad than the recent cartoons. It was also hypothesized that the independent coders would code more participant facial expressions as happy and sad rather than neutral when viewing the popular cartoons, essentially hypothesizing that nostalgia is a mixed emotion. The results of the study are currently under review and will be showcased at the symposium. Results will shed light on the emotional nature of nostalgia, which has implications for marketers interested in the appeal of nostalgic advertising (Holak & Havlena, 1992).
Abstract: The existence of mixed emotions has become a controversial topic in the field of social psychology, and there have been numerous studies over the past few decades in an effort to uncover the truth about mixed emotions (Larsen & McGraw, 2014; Hepper, Ritchie, Sedikides & Wildschut, 2011). One emotion that has been thought to be a mixed emotion is nostalgia (Sedikides, Wildschut, Arndt & Routledge, 2008). Nostalgia has not been very thoroughly studied, and this study seeks to discern what nostalgia is and how it is elicited. In the study, psychology students from the University of Tennessee watched cartoons that were popular in the 1990s and recent cartoons. 70 psychology students watched a total of 7 cartoons: 4 recent, or control, cartoons and 3 “nostalgic” cartoons. The participants rated the intensity of their happy, sad, neutral, and nostalgic feelings towards the cartoons. In addition, their facial reactions towards the cartoons were covertly recorded and rated as happy, sad, neutral, or nostalgic by independent coders. It was hypothesized that the participants would rate the popular childhood cartoons as more nostalgic, happy, and sad than the recent cartoons. It was also hypothesized that the independent coders would code more participant facial expressions as happy and sad rather than neutral when viewing the popular cartoons, essentially hypothesizing that nostalgia is a mixed emotion. The results of the study are currently under review and will be showcased at the symposium. Results will shed light on the emotional nature of nostalgia, which has implications for marketers interested in the appeal of nostalgic advertising (Holak & Havlena, 1992).
Jessica Shultz
Undergraduate Student, Psychology
Title: ADHD, Aggression, and Young Adult Delinquency
Abstract: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurodevelopment disorder with a prevalence rate of 8-12% world-wide (Faraone, 2010). Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis often make careless mistakes, have difficulty organizing tasks, display restlessness, and possess little patience and these symptoms interfere with typical functioning and development (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Because of the hyperactive and impulsive traits, ADHD diagnostic status has been associated with aggressive behavior and social problems (Retz, 2010). The link between a childhood diagnosis of ADHD and juvenile delinquency has not been thoroughly investigated. This relationship could have major consequences for both individuals and the criminal justice system. In this review, the contribution of ADHD symptomatology and other common comorbid disorders (e.g. Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder) to delinquent behavior is explored. Preliminary results indicate that a diagnosis of ADHD increases the chances of engaging in criminal behavior by 8.8% (Gudjonsson, 2014). In light of Gudjonsson’s (2014) finding, it is imperative to understand this relationship and implement delinquency prevention measures for children with ADHD.
Abstract: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurodevelopment disorder with a prevalence rate of 8-12% world-wide (Faraone, 2010). Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis often make careless mistakes, have difficulty organizing tasks, display restlessness, and possess little patience and these symptoms interfere with typical functioning and development (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Because of the hyperactive and impulsive traits, ADHD diagnostic status has been associated with aggressive behavior and social problems (Retz, 2010). The link between a childhood diagnosis of ADHD and juvenile delinquency has not been thoroughly investigated. This relationship could have major consequences for both individuals and the criminal justice system. In this review, the contribution of ADHD symptomatology and other common comorbid disorders (e.g. Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder) to delinquent behavior is explored. Preliminary results indicate that a diagnosis of ADHD increases the chances of engaging in criminal behavior by 8.8% (Gudjonsson, 2014). In light of Gudjonsson’s (2014) finding, it is imperative to understand this relationship and implement delinquency prevention measures for children with ADHD.